Faculty Sponsor

Jana Stedman

College

Nursing

Department/Program

Physician Assistant Program

ORCID Identifier(s)

0009-0008-5646-4142

Presentation Type

Poster Presentation

Symposium Date

Summer 7-24-2024

Abstract

Objective: Aortic valve stenosis is the most common valvular disease in developed countries, with notable patient morbidity and mortality. Historically, it has been treated with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). In the last 25 years, the development of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has revolutionized this treatment, offering a much less invasive procedure. Current literature supports equivalent mortality after 1 year for both procedures, but long-term evaluation has not been well studied. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy of SAVR vs TAVR at 5 years.

Methods: A literature search was conducted utilizing PubMed, Google Scholar, and Valpo Summon, yielding around 20,000 results, of which 5 were chosen. These studies included 2 meta-analyses, 2 randomized controlled trials, and 1 retrospective study. The primary endpoint is all-cause mortality with secondary endpoints including long-term complications, quality of life, and valve function and durability.

Results: TAVR and SAVR have similar performance when evaluated at 1 year postoperatively. However, at 5 years, SAVR appears to have lower incidences of all-cause mortality, as well as better valve performance, with decreased valvular regurgitation and destruction.

Conclusion: SAVR has a lower all-cause mortality and better valve performance after 5 years when compared to TAVR, making it better for patients with longer life expectancies after surgery, but further investigation with larger sample sizes and multiple valve options is necessary.

Keywords: TAVR, SAVR, aortic valve stenosis, long-term outcomes, all-cause mortality, valve deterioration

Biographical Information about Author(s)

Alec VanderZee has a special interest in cardiothoracic surgery and plans on working in emergency medicine at the Community hospital system in Munster, IN following graduation. He will be presenting “Examining Long-Term Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacements Compared to Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Review” because he has a special interest in predictors of success for patients with aortic stenosis.

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