Document Type
Peer-Review Article
Abstract
A field study conducted in 2001 and 2002 in the Michigan Upper Peninsula investigated seasonal associations between the development of jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb., and larvae of the jack pine budworm Choristoneura pinus Freeman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). There was almost no active relationship between post-diapause emerging second instars and elongation of vegetative shoots. Early instars were not closely synchronized with the flushing of current-year needle fascicles, which is required to optimize larval feeding. How- ever, there were close feeding and shelter relationships between early instars and year-2 pollen cone development. Associations with, and larval damage to, year-2 seed cones were dependent upon larval population size and posed only minimal and periodic threats to jack pine seed production. As a consequence, early instar jack pine budworm relied almost exclusively on pollen cones for survival. Third to fifth instars vacated pollen cones as soon as they became desiccated. Only then did these larvae start close associations with vegetative shoots. First, they excised partially emerged needles at their base, and when the needle-pairs completely escaped their fascicle sheath, the larvae fed routinely on the complete needle lamina. Late instars, pupae and adults were associated with previous years’ and current-year foliage without any apparent bias. This study has shown that it might be more practical to time insecticide strategies, which are intended to manage jack pine budworm larvae, to the tree’s phenology rather than jack pine budworm larval indices.
Recommended Citation
Cadogan, Beresford L.; Scharbach, Roger D.; Krause, Robert E.; Sloane, Linda S.; and Studens, John A.
2005.
"Linkages Between the Phenologies of Jack Pine (Pinus Banksiana) Foliage and Jack Pine Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae),"
The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 38
(1)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22543/0090-0222.2124
Available at:
https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol38/iss1/7